- Methods and Projects
- Standards and Classifications
Standardised Methodological Report
Annual Industrial Products Survey
- 1Contact
- 1.1Contact organisation
National Statistics Institute of Spain
- 1.5Contact mail address
Avenida de Manoteras 50-52 - 28050 Madrid
- 1.1Contact organisation
- 2Metadata update
- 2.1Metadata last certified
13/06/2024
- 2.2Metadata last posted
26/06/2024
- 2.3Metadata last update
13/06/2024
- 2.1Metadata last certified
- 3Statistical presentation
- 3.1Data description
The Annual Industrial Products Survey provides detailed structural information on the industrial production carried out in the national territory.
The main objectives of the survey are the following:
- To have access to complete nd recent information on the different products in the industrial sector, providing results with a level of detail that makes it possible to study a broad selection of products, to analyse their markets and to study the evolution of their chronological series.
- To present information that is fully integratable with that corresponding to the data for foreign trade.
- To provide information integrated with the rest of the European Community countries, thanks to the application of common methodologies, with facilitates provision of useful, reliable, quick and detailed information for the management of the European Community market.
- To disseminate the annual industrial production information in the least possible time, approximately half a year after the end of the data reference year. - 3.2Classification system
- Clasificaciones utilizadas
The information object of the survey is defined by means of the different economic activities that constitute the industrial sector (sections B-C-D) in accordance with the National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE-09) and according to the European Industrial Classification PRODCOM, which includes the class E3832.
- Clasificaciones utilizadas
- 3.3Sector coverage
For reference years before 2021, the survey target population consisted of all industrial establishments belonging to companies with twenty or more employed persons, irrespective of whether or not the main activity of the company to which it belonged was industrial. The aim was to cover a significant percentage of the industrial sector (sections B-C-D) production in accordance with the National Classification of Economic Activities(CNAE-09), with the exception of: Extraction of anthracite, coal and lignite; extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas; extraction of uranium and thorium ores; extraction of peat; mining and quarrying support activities; processing of nuclear fuels; transport, distribution and trade of electrical energy and distribution and trade of gas by pipelines.
In specific sectors in which the production of establishments of companies with twenty or more employed persons was not representative of the total, establishments were also included of companies with fewer than 20 employed persons. The ultimate aim was to achieve a coverage that included all establishments representing approximately the 90% of the corresponding activity.
For reference year 2021 and onwards, the survey target population consists of all industrial establishments, irrespective of whether or not the main activity of the legal unit to which it belongs is industrial. It is covered the 100% of the industrial sector (sections B-C-D) production in accordance with the National Classification of Economic Activities(CNAE-09), as well as the class E3832, with the exception of: Extraction of anthracite, coal and lignite; extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas; extraction of uranium and thorium ores; extraction of peat; mining and quarrying support activities; processing of nuclear fuels; transport, distribution and trade of electrical energy and distribution and trade of gas by pipelines.
- 3.4Statistical concepts and definitions
- Economic activity
The economic activity carried out by a company is defined as the creation of added value by means of the production of goods and services.
Each one of the statistical units (companies) studied frequently carries out various activities that should be classified in separate classes of the National Classification of Economic Activities. In general, the activities carried out by an economic unit may be of three types: main, secondary and auxiliary activities. The main activity differs from secondary activities in that it generates greater added value; whilst auxiliary activities are those that generate services that are not sold on the market and that only serve the unit on which they depend (administration departments, transport services or storage).
Due to the difficulties faced by companies in calculating added value when various activities are carried out, the activity which generates the greatest volume of business is considered the main activity or, failing that, that which employs the greatest number of persons. - Economic activity
The economic activity carried out by a company is defined as the creation of added value through the production of goods and services.
The main economic activity is understood to be that which generates greatest added value. Facing the difficulty of calculated the added value for those companies that perform several activities, this considers the main activity to be that which generates the greatest turnover, or failing this, that which occupies the most employees.
The classification used in the National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE-2009), prepared according to the conditions set out in the Regulation passing NACE Rev.2. This classification serves to determine who is carrying out the research.
In the case of research associations and companies whose main activity is the performance of R&D activities, mainly at the service of a given company or group of companies, units with CNAE 7211, 7219 or 7220; information is also requested on the main activity of those companies or groups of companies that benefit from their R&D activities, and their results will be computed within the branch of activity benefited by the research - Establishment or Local Unit
Establishment or Local Unit is the productive unit located in a topographically marked place (workshop, mine, factory, etc.), from which economic activities are carried out by one or more persons from the same company.
The establishment or Local Unit is the observation or information unit, that is, the unit chosen from the directory and to which the questionnaire data is to refer - Fees received for the production carried out under sub-contracted operations
It comprises the totals invoiced by the legals units for the production carried out under sub-contracted operations. In the production under sub-contracted operations, the materials used for the manufacture of products have been provided by the principals and sub-contractors can include the provision of a small quantity of additional materials for this work.
It includes the cost of containers and packaging and excludes VAT and other indirect taxes, transport charges separately invoiced and discounts granted to the customer). - Quantity of production on own account
It includes the sold production on own account and the re-used production on own account for its transformation into other more proceseed end products, in physical units.
- Sold production on own account
It comprises the production carried out on own account in physical units sold during the reference year of the survey.
- Total production on own account
It includes the sold production on own account and the re-used production on own account for its transformation into other more processed end products, in physical units.
- Value of production on own account
It always refers to invoiced or sold production on own account, whatever the type of production on own account in quantity requested.
- Value of the total production
It is the sum of the value of production on own account and the fees received for the production under sub-contracted operations.
- Economic activity
- 3.5Statistical unit
The basic observation and information unit for the survey is the industrial establishment.
- 3.6Statistical population
For reference years before 2021, the survey target population consisted of all industrial establishments belonging to companies with twenty or more employed persons, irrespective of whether or not the main activity of the company to which it belonged was industrial. The aim was to cover a significant percentage of production in the different industrial sectors investigated by the survey.
In specific sectors in which the production of establishments of companies with twenty or more employed persons was not representative of the total, establishments were also included of companies with fewer than 20 employed persons. The ultimate aim was to achieve a coverage that included all establishments representing approximately the 90% of the corresponding activity.
For reference year 2021 and onwards, the survey target population consists of all industrial establishments, irrespective of whether or not the main activity of the legal unit to which it belongs is industrial.
In the survey referred to 2023 there were 39,247 establishments belonging to 33,177 enterprises.
- 3.7Reference area
For reference years before 2021, the survey was carried out in the whole country, except Ceuta and Melilla.
For reference year 2021 and onwards, the survey is carried out in the whole country.
Data of production on own account are published at national level by product. By activity division, data of production on own account are also published by Autonomous Communities and Cities. On request and safeguarding statistical confidentiality may provide data by product and Autonomous Communities and Cities.
- 3.8Time coverage
The survey results are available from the year 1993 (first reference year for the data).
- 3.9Base period
The survey results are available from the year 1993 (first reference year for the data).
The data referring to years 1993 to 2007 inclusive is provided in accordance with the National Classification of Economic Activities of 1993 (CNAE-93).
The data referring to years 2008 onwards is provided in accordance with the National Classification of Economic Activities of 2009 (CNAE-09).
In the reference year 2021, come into force the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 and the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020. For the reference year 2021, data under the old and new regulation are provided.
- 3.1Data description
- 4Unit of measure
- 4.1Unit of measure
The quantity of production on own account of each product is expressed in the physical units indicated in the PRODCOM list (kilograms, liters, square meters, 1.000 kwh, pairs, units, etc.).
The value of production on own account is expressed in Euros.
- 4.1Unit of measure
- 5Reference period
- 5.1Reference period
The information requested refers to the industrial activity carried out during the calendar year. Establishments operating on a seasonal basis entailing two different years may have their data refer to the season ending in the survey reference year.
Data referred to the period: Anual A: 2023
- 5.1Reference period
- 6Institutional mandate
- 6.1Legal acts and other agreements
The compilation and dissemination of the data are governed by the Statistical Law No. 12/1989 "Public Statistical Function" of May 9, 1989, and Law No. 4/1990 of June 29 on “National Budget of State for the year 1990" amended by Law No. 13/1996 "Fiscal, administrative and social measures" of December 30, 1996, makes compulsory all statistics included in the National Statistics Plan. The National Statistical Plan 2009-2012 was approved by the Royal Decree 1663/2008. It contains the statistics that must be developed in the four year period by the State General Administration's services or any other entity dependent on it. All statistics included in the National Statistics Plan are statistics for state purposes and are obligatory. The National Statistics Plan 2021-2024, approved by Royal Decree 1110/2020, of 15 December, is the Plan currently implemented. This statistical operation has governmental purposes, and it is included in the National Statistics Plan 2021-2024. (Statistics of the State Administration).
For reference years before 2021, the survey base was the European Union Council Regulation (EEC) no. 3924/91 regarding the establishment of a European Community survey for industrial production (Prodcom Regulation). The legal base was supplemented by the European Commission Regulation (EC) no. 912/2004 regarding execution of the European Council Regulation.
For reference year 2021 and onwards, the survey base is the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 and the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020.
The Spanish version of these rules can be found at:
https://www.ine.es/normativa/leyes/UE/temnor.htm#30
- 6.2Data sharing
The exchanges of information needed to elaborate statistics between the INE and the rest of the State statistical offices (Ministerial Departments, independent bodies and administrative bodies depending on the State General Administration), or between these offices and the Autonomic statistical offices, are regulated in the LFEP (Law of the Public Statistic Function). This law also regulates the mechanisms of statistical coordination, and concludes cooperation agreements between the different offices when necessary.
The part associated to section B of the National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE-09) is collected by the Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge.
- 6.1Legal acts and other agreements
- 7Confidentiality
- 7.1Confidentiality - policy
The Statistical Law No. 12/1989 specifies that the INE cannot publish, or make otherwise available, individual data or statistics that would enable the identification of data for any individual person or entity. Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society
- 7.2Confidentiality - data treatment
INE provides information on the protection of confidentiality at all stages of the statistical process: INE questionnaires for the operations in the national statistical plan include a legal clause protecting data under statistical confidentiality. Notices prior to data collection announcing a statistical operation notify respondents that data are subject to statistical confidentiality at all stages. For data processing, INE employees have available the INE data protection handbook, which specifies the steps that should be taken at each stage of processing to ensure reporting units' individual data are protected. The microdata files provided to users are anonymised.
This survey does not provide data for those products in which there are not a minimum number of respondents.
- 7.1Confidentiality - policy
- 8Release policy
- 8.1Release calendar
The advance release calendar that shows the precise release dates for the coming year is disseminated in the last quarter of each year.
- 8.2Release calendar access
The calendar is disseminated on the INEs Internet website (Publications Calendar)
- 8.3User access
The data are released simultaneously according to the advance release calendar to all interested parties by issuing the press release. At the same time, the data are posted on the INE's Internet website (www.ine.es/en) almost immediately after the press release is issued. Also some predefined tailor-made requests are sent to registered users. Some users could receive partial information under embargo as it is publicly described in the European Statistics Code of Practice
- 8.1Release calendar
- 9Frequency of dissemination
- 9.1Frequency of dissemination
The dissemination frequency of the survey is annual.
- 9.1Frequency of dissemination
- 10Accessibility and clarity
- 10.1News release
The results of the statistical operations are normally disseminated by using press releases that can be accessed via both the corresponding menu and the Press Releases Section in the web
- 10.2Publications
The survey results are disseminated via the INE WEBSITE. On it the folowing publications can be found:
Press release where the most significant data is highlighted.
Data of production on own account at national level by product.
Data of production on own account by activity division and by Autonomous Communities and Cities.
Sampling errors.
Survey Methodology.
PRODCOM List.
Correspondence between the PRODCOM 2007 and 2008 codes, which allows linking, where possible, between products classified in accordance with CNAE-93 and CNAE-09.
Data for the reference 2021 under the old an new regulation.
Monography Industry Overview".
All these publications may be referred to via this link:
- 10.3On-line database
INEbase is the system the INE uses to store statistical information on the Internet. It contains all the information the INE produces in electronic formats. The primary organisation of the information follows the theme-based classification of the Inventory of Statistical Operations of the State General Administration . The basic unit of INEbase is the statistical operation, defined as the set of activities that lead to obtaining statistical results on a determined sector or subject based on the individually collected data. Also included in the scope of this definition are synthesis preparation.
The survey results are available from 1993 on the INE website https://www.ine.es/en/, in INEbase in the section: Industry, energy and construction", subsection " Industry and Energy"
Industrial Products Survey
In 2023, the following were recorded:AC1= 212,900 - 10.4Micro-data access
A lot of statistical operations disseminate public domain anonymized files, available free of charge for downloading in the INE website Microdata Section
For this statistical operation, anonymised data files are not provided.
- 10.5Other
There is the possibility of requesting, via the User Services Area of the INE, specific made-to-order operations carried out taking into account the conditions of data confidentiality.
- 10.6Documentation on methodology
A detailed description of the methodology of the survey can be found at:
- 10.7Quality documentation
There is no documentation regarding quality for this statistical operation in particular. The fields 10.6 to 17 in this form constitute a quality report for the user-oriented operation.
- 10.1News release
- 11Quality management
- 11.1Quality assurance
Quality assurance framework for the INE statistics is based on the ESSCoP, the European Statistics Code of Practice made by EUROSTAT. The ESSCoP is made up of 16 principles, gathered in three areas: Institutional Environment, Processes and Products. Each principle is associated with some indicators which make possible to measure it. In order to evaluate quality, EUROSTAT provides different tools: the indicators mentioned above, Self-assessment based on the DESAP model, peer review, user satisfaction surveys and other proceedings for evaluation.
The Industrial Products Survey also has in place a preparation process designed to guarantee quality, both of information received and of results obtained from this.
There are validation checks in the electronic questionnaire that make it possible to rectify errors by the actual respondents, a filtering process in the collection units and a check from the preparation process vitually parallel to information collection making it possible to lighten the deadlines for correction of possible errors, to mitigate the burden on respondents by reducing the number of contacts to be made, and to guarantee the quality of the statistics.
- 11.2Quality assessment
This survey is conducted following the quality criteria contained in the European Statistics Code of Practice.
The following may be cited as being among the main strengths of this survey:
1) Rapid collection, analysis and publication of the results, such that publication of the latter is carried out within 6 months of the end of the reference period.
2) Since it is an ongoing survey, carried out since 1993, data may be comprehensively monitored, such that possible inconsistencies therein may be detected.
3) Data is checked, by comparing it with that obtainedby other surveys related to industrial activity (Industrial Companies Survey, Industrial Production Index, Industrial Price Index, Industrial Turnover Index)
4) In recent years an effort has been made to collect questionnaires online. In the survey referring to 2023, the 93.7% of them were collected by this way.
- 11.1Quality assurance
- 12Relevance
- 12.1User needs
Survey users include:
- Ministries and other public bodies.
- Industria (Autonomous Communities).
- Internationa institutions (EUROSTAT, UN, FAO, etc.).
- Companies and business institutions.
- Researchers and universities.
- Individuals.
Each user has different needs in accordance with the destination and usefulness of the information that they need, which in many cases leads to the performing of made-to-measure operations.
- 12.2User satisfaction
The INE has carried out general user satisfaction surveys in 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019 and it plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose of these surveys is to find out what users think about the quality of the information of the INE statistics and the extent to which their needs of information are covered. In addition, additional surveys are carried out in order to acknowledge better other fields such as dissemination of the information, quality of some publications...
On the INE website, in its section Methods and Projects / Quality and Code of Practice / INE quality management / User surveys are available surveys conducted to date.(Click next link)
The specific needs of users are taken into account so long as methodology revisions are made to the survey, for the purpose of adapting the content thereof to those specific requirements of the users improving their degree of satisfaction
The demand for tailored information is often referred to a territorial disaggregation of the published data.
In the User Satisfaction Surveys carried out to date, the "Industry, energy and construction" sector, in which the statistical operation is framed is assessed, which can guide users' opinions about it.
User satisfaction surveys can be consulted at the following link from the INE website: - 12.3Completeness
Specifically, for reference years before 2021, the survey base was the European Union Council Regulation (EEC) no. 3924/91 regarding the establishment of a European Community survey for industrial production (Prodcom Regulation). The legal base was supplemented by the European Commission Regulation (EC) no. 912/2004 regarding execution of the European Council Regulation.
For reference year 2021 and onwards, the survey base is the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 and the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020.
The requirements contained in said regulations are 100% satisfied. R1 = 100%
- 12.1User needs
- 13Accuracy and reliability
- 13.1Overall accuracy
The survey is designed to obtain a high degree of reliability and accurancy in the data obtained.
The different processes that the survey undergoes, from its design through to obtaining end results (coverage, collection, error filtering, imputation of the lack of response, etc.), are aimed at obtaining the highest degree of statistical reliability.
- 13.2Sampling error
For reference years before 2021, the survey was designed by the cut-off procedure. Since it was not based on probabilistic methods, sampling errors were not calculated.
For reference year 2021 and onwards, the survey is based on probabilistic methods and sampling errors are calculated.
As well as this, the coefficients of variation (CV) are calculated and published at the product level (10 PRODCOM digits).
For reference year 2023, the sampling error of the total production value is around 0'05%.
For reference year 2023, the products with a CV higher than 35% are considered as unreliable.
The data for C.V. for this year is classified as:
2687 products with CV belonging to the interval (0%, 4,99%)
230 products with CV belonging to the interval (5%, 9,99%)
112 products with CV belonging to the interval (10%, 14,99%)
98 products with CV belonging to the interval (15%, 24,99%)
57 products with CV belonging to the interval (25%, 34,99%)
103 products with CV higher or equal to 35%Recommendations on the use of estimated data based on the value of the coefficient of variation (CV)
CV intervals (in %) Data qualification 0.01%-4.99% A: Excellent 5.0%-9.99% B: Very good 10.0%-14.99% C: Good 15.0%-24.99% D: Acceptable 25.0%-34.99% E: Use with caution 35.0% and above... F: Unreliable data - 13.3Non-sampling error
In the whole statistical process, checks are carried out on errors other than sampling errors.
For reference year 2023:
Over-coverage rate: A2=6.56%
Non response rate by unit: A4=7.02%
Imputation rate: A7=6.15%
- 13.1Overall accuracy
- 14Timeliness and punctuality
- 14.1Timeliness
The survey is published within 6 months after the end of the reference period (calendar year). Thus, the survey referring to 2023 will be published on 26 June 2024, in compliance with European regulations. TP2 = 6 months.
- 14.2Punctuality
The results of the survey are published in accordance with the calendario de INE structural press release calendar established at the beginning of each year
https://www.ine.es/en/daco/daco41/calen_en.htm
- 14.1Timeliness
- 15Coherence and Comparability
- 15.1Comparability - geographical
The survey design allows comparability of data on an Autonomous Community level.
On a European level, compliance with the PRODCOM regulation allows comparability with the remainder of the countries, since the survey is carried out in a uniform way in all of them.
- 15.2Comparability - over time
The Industrial Products Survey was first created with reference to year 1993 and its results are comparable in time, except for products that have undergone some change during that period, new products incorporated over the years and those that have ceased to be manufactured.
It should be borne in mind, however, that in 2009 there was a logical break in the series, as a result of the coming into force of the new National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE-09), whereby the data for the 2 data series is as follows
1993 -2007 with products classified in accordance with the CNAE -93
2008 onwards with products classified in accordance with the CNAE -09
Nonetheless, if an equivalence has been published between the codes for 2007 and 2008 in which those products are shown whose equivalence between the 2 classifications is unmistakeable.
In the reference year 2021 there is another break in the series, due to the entry into force of the the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 and the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020. For the reference year 2021, data under the old and new regulation are provided.
Number of comparable elements in the serie: CC2 = 3.
- 15.3Coherence - cross domain
The data provided by the survey is consistent with foreign trade statistics.
From a sector point of view, there is a high degree of consistency between production in large sectors (motor, chemical industry, etc.) with the results provided by the actual sectors.
There is also great consistency with other statistics in the industrial sector, compiled by the INE (Industrial Companies Survey, Industrial Production Index, Industrial Price Index and Turnover Index)
- 15.4Coherence - internal
Results have complete internal consistency, since it is a survey in which data used for obtaining this undergo the same processsed, analysis, validation and imputation.
- 15.1Comparability - geographical
- 16Cost and burden
- 16.1Cost and burden
The estimate of the budgetary credit necessary for financing these statistics, provided for in the 2024 annual is 1,271.45 thousand euros.
The workload for industrial establishments from which information is requested has seen a decrease over recent years with the implementation of a system to allow respondents to answer online, which, in tandem with the possibility of using other means such as email, fax or telephone for responding, has reduced the time and effort that the respondent must set aside in order to complete the questionnaire.
For reference year 2021 and onwards, with the new sampling design, the sample size has approximately been reduced by 30%, that means a significant reduction in the respondents burden.
- 16.1Cost and burden
- 17Data revision
- 17.1Data revision - policy
The INE of Spain has a policy which regulates the basic aspects of statistical data revision, seeking to ensure process transparency and product quality. This policy is laid out in the document approved by the INE board of directors on 13 March of 2015, which is available on the INE website, in the section "Methods and projects/Quality and Code of Practice/INE’s Quality management/INE’s Revision policy" (link).
This general policy sets the criteria that the different type of revisions should follow: routine revision- it is the case of statistics whose production process includes regular revisions-; more extensive revision- when methodological or basic reference source changes take place-; and exceptional revision- for instance, when an error appears in a published statistic-.
Preview results are not disseminated; it is followed the general INE revision policy when is it is detected an error in the previous year "t" when it is published the year "t + 1" in any of the surveyed establishments.
- 17.2Data revision - practice
N/A
- 17.1Data revision - policy
- 18Statistical processing
- 18.1Source data
Survey data is obtained from the questionnaires completed by industrial establishments.
For reference years before 2021, the target population consisted of all industrial establishments (regardless of the main activity of the company to which they belonged) necessary to cover approximately 90% of the production for each class, to four digits, of the National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE –09).
For reference year 2021 and onwards, the survey target population consists of all industrial establishments, irrespective of whether or not the main activity of the legal unit to which it belongs is industrial.
The information studied by the survey is defined by means of the list of PRODCOM (PRODuccion COMunitaria [COMmunity PRODuction]) products that coincide with those corresponding to the different economic activities constituting the industrial sector in accordance with CNAE-09.
The PRODCOM list is updated annually, by incorporating or deleting products, amending the definitions of others, etc. The list is made up of approximately 4,000 products.
- 18.2Frequency of data collection
Data is collected annually (between the months of January and March in the year following the reference year).
- 18.3Data collection
Respondent establishments send data online (more than 90%); by regular post (questionnaires completed on paper), fax or email.
- 18.4Data validation
In the online survey completion phase, an inconsistency detection system is used, such that the respondent may confirm the information provided.
The recording of questionnaires is carried out continuously by the same collection units establishing the necessary control to guarantee an appropriate quality level for the whole process. This facilitates controlling, already in this phase, the errors that may affect the data obtained from respondent units.
Once information is received, a coverage check thereof is carried out in order to guarantee completeness of the recorded data, to detect duplicates and coverage errors, at the same time being able to make a first assessment of the quality of the variables obtained from the questionnaires. This phase is carried out on every fortnightly file from recorded questionnaires, and it is performed prior to compilation of the complete survey file, and therefore at the beginning of the joint information treatment.
- 18.5Data compilation
The information, which has been received and filtered in an initial phase by the collection units, is treated at the INE by means of a two-phase filtering procedure:
The first phase consists of micro-filtering or filtering in which validy of the data facilitados por cada establecimiento is checked, such that possible errors or omissions may be detected.
The second phase consists of aggregate data fitering or macro-filtering on a national level, in order to analyse consistency of the data for each product and its evolution over time.
- 18.6Adjustment
No seasonal adjustments are made.
- 18.1Source data
- 19Comment
- 19.1Comment
.
- 19.1Comment